Engine



Fb. 17, 1942. T. JACKSON ENGINE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 15, 1940lll/llll/ll/l/ iig-6 I N VENT OR.

@my JC/(fson. BY v 'V ATTORNE cating oil directly to engine gine of thetype aforesaid Patented Feb. 17, 1942 Thomas Jackson,

tinental Motors Corporation,-

Kokomo, Ind., assignor to `(1on- Detroit, Mich.,

a 4corporation of Virginia Appllctin May 15, 1940, Sel'ilNo. 335,351

(ci. 12a-1s) v My invention relates to engines and -more parf 16 Claims.

ticularly to engines of the crankcase compres@ sion two-stroke cycletype.

In engines of the type aforesaid, much diniculty is experienced in theproper lubrication of engine parts due primarily to the absence -ofproper controll means for regulating the amount of lubricating oil whichis supplied to the engine. It is customary to mix lubricating oil withthe fuel in the fuel tank and depend on the fuel carrying an adequateamount of lubricating oil into the crankcase where same is atomized,resulting in the lubricating oil being forced into the engine bearingsand other parts to be lubricated when the charge of fuel and oil in thecrankcase is compressed. The above method is not always satisfactorybecause the operator sometimes becomes careless and does not provide theproper amount of lubricating oil in the fuel tank and as a result theengine parts to be lubricated do not receive an adequate supply oflubricating oil. Furthermore. this customary method of lubricating thebearing partsof a two cycle engine results lubricating oil as it is thepractice to provide a largev excess oflubricating oil in order to makesure that the lubricating oil is uniformly distributed throughout thefuel mixture charge so as to provide lubrication for any of the engineparts coming in contact with the said charge.

An object of my present invention is to eliminate the abovementioneddifilculties in connection with the operation of a two-strokecycle engine of the crankcase compression type by providing aconstruction for separately introducing' fuel and lubricating oil to theengine.

Another object of the present invention is to construct an' engine ofthe type aforesaid which can be more economically. and efficientlyoperated byproviding a separate means for introducing lubricatingfoil tothe engine parts 4or bearings to be lubricated in such a way as toobtain a minimum uniform consumption of lubricating oil without thedanger of bearing failure due to the l lack of an adequate supplyoflubricating oil.V

present invention is A further object of my to construct an improvedengine of the typ aforesaid by providing an independent lubricating oilsupply means for introducing 'lubribearings and/or other parts thereofto be lubricated.

A still further object of the present invention is to constructan'improved two-stroke cycle enfuel and lubricating supply meansoperable lto in` an excessive consumption of' byv providing separateA V-.Fig. 5ls 8. detail as at i l to a crankcase structure supplylubricating oil to engine bearing parts and permitting the excesslubricating oil supplied thereto to be subsequently discharged into theengine crankcase where same intermingles'with the fuel `mixture in saidcrankcase to lubricate other moving parts of the engine and to besubimprove engine perfomance by providing a separate means for supplyinglubricating pil to the engine parts to be lubricated by reason of th'esuction pressure produced in th'e closed engine crankcase chamber. I ll' For a more detailed understanding of my invention, reference may behad to the accompanying drawings illustrating a preferred of myinvention in which like parts are referred to by like charactersthroughout the several views,

and in which:

Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view through a two-strokecycle internal combustion engine of the crankcase compression'type andwhich embodies .my invention,

Fig.Y 1A is a detail sectional view of the check,

valve,

Fig. 2 is a detail sectional view taken on the une 2-2' 0f Fig. l)

Fig. 3 is a detail sectional view similar to Fig. 2 and sh'owing anotherposition, i

Fig. 4 is a detail sectional view of a modified engine construction,

fragmentary sectional view of a modified construction, and

Fig. 6 is a-detail fragmentary sectional view of a still furthermodified construction.

Referring more particularly to Figs. l and 2, my improved enginestructure is designated as a whole by reference character A `and comprises a cylinder I0 bolted or otherwise secured I2. The crankcasestructure carries crankshaft bearings Il and- Il and defines a closedcrankcase chamber l5. A crankshaft I6 is rotatably supported lby thesecrankshaft bearings I3 and I4 and is provided with the crank il to whichis pivoted the conventional connecting rod I8 connecting the embodimentengine operation, we are at all times. Furthermo 2 I piston |9` to thecrankshaft. 'I'he cylinder I9 is provided with' the usual by-pass 20for, conducting the compressed fuel mixture from theclosed crankcase tothe interior of this engine cylinder 2|. My improved engine constructioncomprises separate fuel and lubricating oil supply means. The fuel line22 leading from the fuelvtank is connected with the carburetor inlet 23,which carburetor is provided with the usual venturi 24 and a manuallyadjustable needle valve 25, the air being admitted through suitableports 26 in the carburetor unit. The above described fuel mixture andforming device connects with a passage 21 in the crankcase wall and hasassociated therewith a conventional check valve 28 which is operable toallow free flow of the air and fuel mixture into the crankcase undersuction pressure in said crankcase chamber but which closes passage 21during compression within said closed crankcase.

A suitable oil tank or reservoir 29 is bolted or otherwise secured tothe engine crankcase structure and connects with a crankcase which hasassociated therewith a conventional type check valve 9|. More.particularly this check `valve comprises a pipe section Ma peened overat one end to support a ball SIb4 which is urged toward its seat by asuitable light spring 9|c, the spring being seated against a pin orother suitable abutment sld. The crankcase is provided with a passage 22extending longitudinally of the crankshaft which communicates at alltimes with a radial passage 39 aligned in the plane of the passage 9|.'I'he bearing I3 is passage 20 in saidv cylinder 49 and a crankcase 4|providing a closed crankcase chamber 42 in which a fuel mixture isintroduced, compressed'and then transferred to the engine combustionchamber in the usual way. The crankcase supports a crankshaft 43 whichis connected with piston 44 by the usual connecting rod 4I.

preferably provided with an annular spiral oil v groove lia and with aport 34 which registers with passage 30 and these passages 89 and It cooperate to vperiodically be moved into registration on rotation of thecrankshaft so as to intermittently supply lubricating oil to bearing I9and to the interior of the crankcase. It will be noted that the passagen is constructed and timed with relation to crankshaft rotation so as toregister with passage 9| when suction pressure isintroduced in saidcrankcase so as to induce the flow of lubricating oil through saidpassagg in response to suction pressure in the engine closed crankcase.The diameter or size of these amount of lubricating oil lligand excesslubricatingoil is subsequently discha ed into the crankcase chamber |1.The above described vconstruction insures positive lubrication of themain crankshaft bearing and the adequate supply of lubrieating oil tothe crankcase at all times for all other parts of thev engine to belubricated. It will be observed that under alll conditions of A assuredof a correct supply of carbureted fuel whereby to insure satisfactoryengine operation the above construction results in a minimum consumptionof lubricating oil and provides for economical engine operation with aminimum of maintenance costs.

If desired lubricating oil may be directly conand lubricating ,oilr

be lubricated in the usual selected mingles with the fuel ducted tovarious parts of the xengine to be lubriducted from passage or conduit99 to other eneating oil to the AI5 The crankcase is provided with aport 46 and a unitary lubricating oil supply means 41 carrying apassageopen- .ing into the crankcas chamber 42 and having associated therewitha check valve 49. The lubricating oil supply means includes an oilchamber or reservoir and an oil duct 5| opening into the e 49. A checkvalve 52 is preferably associated with the oil duct 5| and saidstructure preferably further supports a manually adjustable needle valve52 which is operable to control the discharge of the lubricating oilinto the passage 4l from the oil duct 5|.

The needle valves permit ready manual ad- Justment of the fuel and oildischarge openings, but obviously the now of fuel and oil may be variedby selectively varying the size of said discharge openings.

A carburetion device or structure 55 is prefer-1 ably secured to thelubricating oil supply means 41 and is provided with a conventional airinlet ,carburetor venturi 41 and fuel inlet 59 connected by a coupling89 with a fuel supply line 99. A manually adjustable needle valve 6| ispreferably supported by the carburetor casing to control the outlet offuel passage 59.-

It will be thus observed that as the carbureted fuel flows through theprimary conducting portion 42, through passage 48 and into the crankcasechamber 42 in response to -suction pressure within said crankcasechamber, that lubricating oil will be stream and taken into is caused toflow to the crankcase where same the various engine parts to manner.

ln Fig. 5 the crankcase 19 of engine C is constructed to provide aclosed chamber 1| The carbureted fuel is admitted at 12 by means similarto that shown in Fig. 4, and the lubricating oil is introduced directlyinto the crankcase from an oil duct 1I which is openly connected to thecrankcase so as to subject the oil supply to the suction pressure inthey crankcase,

1I' is con- Also the size of the oil discharge duct may be preferably soas to only feed the right amount of lubricating oil into the crankcasechamber in response tothe suction pressure therein.

In Fig. 6, the engine D has a cylinder 89 in which piston 9| isoperable, and a crankcase 92 providing a closed crankcase chamber 92.The oil supply line 94 is connected to the cylinder as at 95 and the oildischarge opening is arranged to be uncovered by the piston skirt at ornear the end of the suction stroke to place the oil supply in opencommunication with the suction pressure in said closed crankcasechamber. This provides a construction which separately' admits oil tothe crankcase chamber where same intermixture therein and is concated.

In both of these constructions, as described above, it will be observedthat I have provided means for separately supplying fuel and lubrienginein response to suction pressure in the crankcasevandthis means is pickedup by the fuel and preferably a conventional ball check valve structedto meter the incoming oil.

Y and servicing.

Although I have described some of the preferred constructions of myinvention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which myinvention pertains, that various modifications and changes may be madetherein without departing from the spirit of my invention or from thescope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In an internal combustion engine of the two-stroke cycle type, aclosed crankcase, a crankshaft rotatable therein, an engine bearing,means for supplying a vaporized mixture of fuel and air to saidcrankcase, and separate means for supplying a lubricant to the enginebearing from al source of supply exteriorly of the engine crankcase,said fuel mixture and lubricant supply means operable in response tosuction pressure within the crankcase.

2. In an internal combustion engine of the two stroke cycle typea closedcrankcase, a crankshaft rotatable therein, an engine bearing, means forsupplying a vaporized mixture of fuel and air to said crankcase in whichsame is compressed and subsequently introduced into the engine cylinderand means supplying a measured amount of lubricating oil to said enginebearing from a source of supply exteriorly of the engine crankcase andin an amount in excess of the quantity to be used for lubricating theengine bearing, said surplus lubricating oil being subsequentlydischarged into the crankcase and thereby mixed with the fuel mixture.

3. In aninternal combustion engine of the two-stroke cycle type, aclosed crankcase, a crankshaft rotatable therein, an engine bearing,means for supplying a vaporized mixture of fuel and airto said crankcasein which same is compressed and subsequently introduced into the. enginecylinder, and separate means operable in response to suction pressure inthe crankcase for.'

supplying a measured amount of lubricating oil to said engine'bearingfrom a source. supply exteriorly of the engine crankcase.

4. In an internaly combustion engine of the two-stroke cycle type, aclosed crankcase, a crankshaft rotatable therein, a crankshaft bearing,means for supplying a vaporized mixture of fuel and air to saidcrankcase in .which same is ing, -means for supplying a vaporizedmixture of fuel and air to said crankcase in which same is compressedand subsequently introduced into the engine cylinder, and separate meansfor supplying a measured amount of lubricating oil to said crankshaftbearing and including an oil reservoir and cooperating passagesconnecting same with the crankshaft bearing and crankcase interior, saidpassages formed in the crankcase wall and crankshaft respectively and soconstructed andv arranged as to periodically place said oil reservoir incommunication with the crankcase interior whereby to periodically causethe lubricating oil to flow to said crankshaft bearing.

6. In a crankcase compression two-stroke cycle engine, a closedcrankcase, a crankshaft rotatable therein.' a crankshaft bearing, meanssupplying a carbureted mixture of fuel and air to said crankcase, andseparate means for introducing aV lubricating oil to the crankshaftbearing and crankcase and including an oil reservoir exteriorly of saidcrankcase and connecting passages formed in said crankshaft andcrankcase respectively cooperating to cause an intermittent flow oflubricating oil to said crankshaft bearing from said oil-reservoir, saidlubricating oil in excess of that used by the crankshaft bearing beingintroduced into the crankcase.

7. In a crankcase compression two-stroke cycle engine, a closedcrankcase, a crankshaft rotatable therein, a crankshaft bearing, meanssupplying a carbureted mixture of fuel and air to said crankcase, andseparate means for introducing a lubricating oil to the crankshaftbearing and crankcase and including passages formed in said crankshaftand crankcase respectively 'carbureted mixture of fuel and air to saidcrankcase, and separate means for introducing a'lubrieating oil to thecarbureted mixture of fuel and air in said crankcase chamber only duringthe time said crankcase is being subjected to suction pressure by reasonof the travel of the piston outwardly of the engine cylinder.

9. In a crankcase compression two-stroke cycle engine, a closedcrankcase, a crankshaft rotatable therein, a crankshaft bearing, an air'passage connected with said crankcase, Q check valve associated withsaid air passage, means supplying a carbureted fuel to said air passage,and lubricating oil inlet means intermediate said fuel inlet and saidcheck valve.

. 10. In a crankcase compression two-stroke cycle engine, a closed.crankcase, a crankshaft rotatable therein, a crankshaft bearing, an airpassa-'ge connected with said crankcase, a check valve associated withsaid air passage, means supplying a carbureted fuel to said air passage,and metered lubricating oil inlet means intermediate said fuel inlet andsaid check valve.

, 11. In a crankcase compression two-stroke cycle engine, a closedcrankcase, a unitary lubrieating oil supply means secured to saidcrankcase and having a passage opening into said crankcase, a. checkvalve at the junction of said passage and crankcase, and a unitary fuelmixing and formingdevice secured to said lubrieating oil supply meansand having a primary conducting passage arranged in open communicationwith the passage in said lubricating oil supply n ieans.

l2. In acrankcase compression two-stroke cycle engine, a closedcrankcase, a unitary lubricating oil supply means secured to saidcrankcase and having a passage opening into said crankcase, a checkvalve at the junction of said passage and crankcase, and a unitary fuelmixing' andforming device secured to said lubricating oil supply meansand having a primary conducting passage arranged in open communicationwith the passage in said lubricating oil supply means, said oil supplymeans 'and said fuel mixing and forming device each provided with amanually adjustable valve for independently controlling the fuel and oilsupply means respectively.

13. In a crankcase compression two-stroke cyrcle engine, a cylinder, apiston operable in said cylinder, a crankcase 'structure providing aclosed crankcase chamber, means supplying a carbureted fuel to thecrankcase chamber, and separate oil supply means including anJoildischarge port opening in said cylinder and located relative to'saidpiston to be uncovered by said piston substantially near the end of theengine suction stroke, whereby to induce oil ow in the crankcase chamberin response to the suction pressure therein. Y

14. In two-stroke cycle engine having a closed crankcase chamber and oneor more engine bearings and other parts'to be lubricated, fuel supplymeans operable to supply fuel to the engine, and separate lubricatingvoil supply means including an oirreservoir and connecting passagesoperable in response to the suction pressure 1u said crankcase chamberto supplyiubricaing oil first to an engine bearing and thence tointermingle with the carbureted fuel mixture in the crankcase forlubricating other engine parts. 15. In a two-stroke Icycle engine havinga closed crankcase chamber and one or more engine bearings and otherparts to be lubricated,

fuel 'supply means operable to supply fuel to the engine, and separatelubricating oil supply means operable in response to the suctionpressure in said crankcase chamber to supply lubricating oil to one ormore of said engine bearings and other engine parts, said oil supplymeans including means measuring the oil supplied to said engine bearingand engine parts to be lubricated.

16. In a two-stroke cycle engine having a closed crankcase chamber, acrankshaft, a crankshaft bearing, means feeding a carbureted lfuelmixture to said crankcase, a source of lubri- THOMAS JACKSON.

